Related Papers
Frontiers in systems neuroscience
Lateral hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and ventral pallidum roles in eating and hunger: interactions between homeostatic and reward circuitry
2015 •
Daniel Castro
The study of the neural bases of eating behavior, hunger, and reward has consistently implicated the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and its interactions with mesocorticolimbic circuitry, such as mesolimbic dopamine projections to nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral pallidum (VP), in controlling motivation to eat. The NAc and VP play special roles in mediating the hedonic impact ("liking") and motivational incentive salience ("wanting") of food rewards, and their interactions with LH help permit regulatory hunger/satiety modulation of food motivation and reward. Here, we review some progress that has been made regarding this circuitry and its functions: the identification of localized anatomical hedonic hotspots within NAc and VP for enhancing hedonic impact; interactions of NAc/VP hedonic hotspots with specific LH signals such as orexin; an anterior-posterior gradient of sites in NAc shell for producing intense appetitive eating vs. intense fearful reactions; and anat...
Brain Research
Dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic value systems in conditioning and outcome-specific revaluation
2008 •
Daniel Bullock
Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: integration of energy, reward, and action
2005 •
Wayne Pratt
Physiology & Behavior
Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: Integration of energy, action and reward
2005 •
Wayne Pratt
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Measuring hedonic impact in animals and infants: microstructure of affective taste reactivity patterns
2000 •
K. Berridge
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity
2011 •
Hans-rudolf Berthoud
Given the unabated obesity problem, there is increasing appreciation of expressions like “my eyes are bigger than my stomach,” and recent studies in rodents and humans suggest that dysregulated brain reward pathways may be contributing not only to drug addiction but also to increased intake of palatable foods and ultimately obesity. After describing recent progress in revealing the neural pathways and mechanisms underlying food reward and the attribution of incentive salience by internal state signals, we analyze the potentially circular relationship between palatable food intake, hyperphagia, and obesity. Are there preexisting individual differences in reward functions at an early age, and could they be responsible for development of obesity later in life? Does repeated exposure to palatable foods set off a cascade of sensitization as in drug and alcohol addiction? Are reward functions altered by secondary effects of the obese state, such as increased signaling through inflammatory...
Physiology & behavior
Neural bases of food-seeking: affect, arousal and reward in corticostriatolimbic circuits
2005 •
Bernard Balleine
Recent studies suggest that there are multiple 'reward' or 'reward-like' systems that control food seeking; evidence points to two distinct learning processes and four modulatory processes that contribute to the performance of food-related instrumental actions. The learning processes subserve the acquisition of goal-directed and habitual actions and involve the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum, respectively. Access to food can function both to reinforce habits and as a reward or goal for actions. Encoding and retrieving the value of a goal appears to be mediated by distinct processes that, contrary to the somatic marker hypothesis, do not appear to depend on a common mechanism but on emotional and more abstract evaluative processes, respectively. The anticipation of reward on the basis of environmental events exerts a further modulatory influence on food seeking that can be dissociated from that of reward itself; earning a reward and anticipating a reward appear...
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Principles of motivation revealed by the diverse functions of neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical substrates underlying feeding behavior
2013 •
Wayne Pratt
Http Www Theses Fr
Sensations hédoniques impliquées dans le contrôle de la prise alimentaire chez l'homme : alliesthésie alimentaire et Rassasiement sensoriel spécifique
2011 •
Michael Romer
The control of food intake is a complex and multifactorial process controlled by the CNS. It is implicated in the regulation of body weight and the supply of energy substrates, as well as the supply of a panoply of nutrients to cover the specific needs of the organism. Among all the factors involved, hedonic sensations play an important role in guiding food selection and limitation of intake. The theoretical section of this thesis takes into account the physio-anatomical aspects of the control of food intake, in particular sensory pleasure and its evaluation, within the framework of the three principal hedonic phenomena: Conditioned Satiety (CS), Alimentary alliesthesia (AA) and sensory-specific satiety (SSS). The experimental section evaluated the impact of various manipulations of food (adding noncaloric and caloric condiments to simple or prepared foods, offering condiments successively or simultaneously, alternating foods in a meal) on hedonic sensations and on food intake in the short term. Four studies were performed in normal-weight and overweight human subjects of both genders. The first study in three experiments in simple foods suggests that specific satiation and energy intake depend on the sensory properties of foods and thus on the sensory stimulation exerted on oropharyngeal receptors. Under the present experimental conditions, the influence of SSS turned out to be more important than that of AA in limiting specific intake. However, this limitation by SSS could be overridden by modification of the sensory properties of the food eaten to specific satiation: in parallel with the re-increase in pleasure for the flavor, food intake was resumed when a second food with distinctive flavor was offered or when non-caloric condiments were added. The second study re-examined the data of the first one according to anthropometric and demographic characteristics of the population and provided evidence for similar hedonic control of food intake in obese and normal weight persons with simple unseasoned and unprocessed foods. These results suggest that the nature and the presentation of food stimuli impacted food intake more than person-related traits like gender, age or BMI. The third study induced successive and simultaneous sensory variety by adding condiments to ‘fast food’ style meal, and increased food pleasantness and intake. Successive variety was more efficient in increasing intake than simultaneous access to condiments. These results seem to show that renewal in sensory stimulation produces disruption of sensory-specific satiety which may explain the increase of food intake and might be playing a role in the actual obesity epidemic. The fourth study investigated the impact of several levels of alternation of foods. Moderate alternation in a two-course meal increased food intake in the short term, probably by disruption of sensory tuning to a given flavor and may explain the increased intake with sensorily varied meals. Multiple alternations of foods however decreased intake, probably caused by sensory overstimulation. SSS seems to have two opposite intrinsic teleonomies: on the one hand it specifically limits intake of foods eaten, while on the other hand it promotes variety seeking. In this thesis, both functions could be manipulated through simple modifications of the sensory properties of foods or of the way they were offered. In the long term, these kinds of manipulations might compromise a body-mass index medically considered as healthy. The modification of the flavor alone was sufficient to increase pleasure and in turn food intake. The prolongation of intake of the same food when offered with two distinct flavors seems to be related to cerebral representation as two distinct foods. The question on whether sensory pleasure is a sign of usefulness of food stimuli or mere sensory stimulation of the chemical senses may ultimately depend on the nature of the food stimulus.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology
Metabolic and hedonic drives in the neural control of appetite: who is the boss?
2011 •
Hans-rudolf Berthoud
